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BNF Notes-References

Endnotes

1. Memorandum of Law on the Name by Gordon Warren Epperly details the legal implications of the common law practice of rendering proper names in all capital letters. http://www.fourwinds10.com/news/05-government/G-US-constitution/2004/05G-04-05-04-memorandum-of-law-on-the-name.html (01/10/2004)

Examples: TIME NAMES PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH 2004 PERSON OF THE YEAR - Headline, source: TIME.com: TIME NAMES PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH 2004 PERSON OF THE YEAR ; The White House PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH - Page banner text on official White House website; source: Welcome to the White House

2. "The substitution of numbers for letters of the Hebrew alphabet, a favourite method of exegesis used by medieval Kabbalists to derive mystical insights into sacred writings or obtain new interpretations of the texts. Some condemned its use as mere toying with numbers, but others considered it a useful tool, especially when difficult or ambiguous texts otherwise failed to yield satisfactory analysis. Genesis 28:12, for example, relates that in a dream Jacob saw a ladder (Hebrew sullam) stretching from earth to heaven. Since the numerical value of the word sullam is 130 (60 + 30 + 40)—the same numerical value of Sinai (60 + 10 + 50 + 10)—exegetes concluded that the Law revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai is man's means of reaching heaven. Of the 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet, the first ten are given number values consecutively from one to ten, the next eight from 20 to 90 in intervals of ten, while the final four letters equal 100, 200, 300, and 400, respectively. More complicated methods have been used, such as employing the squares of numbers or making a letter equivalent to its basic value plus all numbers preceding it." - "Gematria" © Encyclopedia Britannica 2003 (electronic edition)

"The mysterious name of the first beast, 666, in 13:18, can be calculated by “gematria,” assigning their numerical values to letters of the word and summing them up. The most adequate solution is Nero (the numerical value of the Hebrew letters for Caesar Neron equals 666), a demonic Nero redivivus (revived), who returns from the dead as Antichrist." - "New Testament literature: The Revelation to John - Authorship and style" © Encyclopedia Britannica 2003 (electronic edition)

3. ASCII - "Acronym for 'American Standard Code for Information Interchange'. A coding scheme using 7 or 8 bits that assigns numeric values to up to 256 characters, including letters, numerals, punctuation marks, control characters, and other symbols. ASCII was developed in 1968 to standardize data transmission among disparate hardware and software systems and is built into most minicomputers and all personal computers."

EBCDIC - "Acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. An IBM code that uses eight bits to represent 256 possible characters (compared to unextended ASCII's seven bits and 128 characters). It is used primarily in IBM mainframes, whereas personal computers use ASCII."  © ®1987-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft® Bookshelf® Computer and Internet Dictionary© 1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.  Portions, Microsoft Press® Computer Dictionary, Third Edition. Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Press. All rights reserved.

4. 666: The Number of the Man Antichrist - Information from a pro-Catholic viewpoint mentions several of the theories included in the BNF chart calculations and some arguments against theories pointing to the pope as the antichrist.  Immediately after listing the Hebrew equivalent value for the letter 'W', the author writes, "In the Hebrew alphabet -- Hebrew, by the way, is the language of God -- 'W' ( pronounced ``vov'') is the sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet and, in the Hebraic number system, has traditionally stood for the number 6, so WWW = 666."

Site briefly lists numerous names mentioned in other theories:

"By doing computations with these different systems these names and things add up to be 666: kissinger, van den broek, lustiger...  hitler, deutschland, himmler...  new york, us of america, santa claus, kennedy, al gore... Holy Bible, SS number, witchcraft, lustful, monetary, live, son of sin, mark of beast, evil, bullet... internet, billgates+3 (the III), computer, terminal, binairy, windows78, teletext, calculation..."

"For one reason or another all these religious and political celebrities and institutions have been considered the Antichrist by someone: Papacy, Luther, Pope John Paul II, Pat Robertson, Mormons, Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Sun Myung Moon, Freemasonry, Illuminati... Arafat, Ayatollah Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, Kennedy, Gorvachev, Clinton, Al Gore, Bill Gates, David Rockefeller, Kissinger, Mussolini, Hitler, Nero, Reagan, Saddam Hussein, Willy Brandt, Caligula, King Juan Carlos of Spain, Emperor Frederick II of Germany, King George II of England, Emperor Justinian, Nikita Khrushchev, Napoleon Bonaparte, Czar Peter the Great, Josef Stalin, Kaiser Wilhelm, Boris Yeltsin, Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg..." http://religion-cults.com/antichrist/666.htm (01/11/2005)

5. Telephone number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

6. Area code - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7. Beast Number Calculator (including Scrabble values) a recreational venture. http://www.mcgees.org/notb.html (01/12/2005)

8. Ref: Scrabble letter distributions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

9. "First applied to the 1880 census, Soundex is a phonetic index, not a strictly alphabetical one. Its key feature is that it codes surnames (last names) based on the way a name sounds rather than on how it is spelled. For example, surnames that sound the same but are spelled differently, like Smith and Smyth, have the same code and are indexed together. The intent was to help researchers find a surname quickly even though it may have received different spellings. If a name like Cook, though, is spelled Koch or Faust is Phaust, a search for a different set of Soundex codes and cards based on the variation of the surname's first letter is necessary.

"...These steps also apply to the 1900, 1910, and 1920 Soundexes and the 1910 variation known as Miracode. The major limitation of the 1880 Soundex is that it uses Family Cards and Other Members of Family--Continued Cards only for those families with a child or children aged 10 or under. The 1880 Individual Cards, moreover, pertain only to children within this age range, not to adults. Soundexes for all censuses, except the 1910 Miracode, also include Institution Cards.

"To use Soundex, researchers must first code the surname of the person or family in which they are interested. Every Soundex code consists of a letter and three numbers, such as B-536, representing names such as Bender. The letter is always the first letter of the surname, whether it is a vowel or a consonant.

"Disregard the remaining vowels (A, E, I, O, and U) as well as W, Y, and H. Assign numbers to the next three consonants of the surname according to the coding guide included in table 1, but note the exceptions discussed later. Disregard any remaining consonants. If there are not three consonants following the initial letter, use zeroes to complete the three-digit code. A name yielding no code number, such as Lee, would thus be L-000. A name with only one code number, such as Cook, would be C-200. Further discussion will use this name and code as examples. - The University of Delaware Library (12/29/2004); No copyright notice stated on page.

10. World of Numerology  http://www.intoglobe.com/numerology/ (01/10/2005)

11. 666 Count the Number of the Beast concludes that 'Prince Charles of Wales' is the name of the beast and then successfully contrives a numbering system to prove it.  http://www.dccsa.com/greatjoy/anti.html (01/11/2005)

12. Nice Guy or Devil's Spawn - The web address ("bushisantichrist") tells it all, though, again, the code varies from others just enough to make it work.  Notice how the 'S' in 'Bush' is counted at the value he gives 'SH' (300) instead of the normal value of 60 because, the author says, of the its usage.  However, it would seem that one should either count the 'SH' at 300 or the 'S' at 60 and the 'H' at 8, not count the 'S' at 300 plus the 'H' at 8. http://www.bushisantichrist.com/ (01/11/2005) 

13. Comparison of English, Greek and Hebrew Alphabets & Numerical Equivalents of Hebrew and Greek Letters - Problems begin with the assumption that definitive "equivalents" can be assigned between diverse alphabet-numbering systems.  http://www.greaterthings.com/Word-Number/Methods/HebrewGreekEnglish.htm (01/11/2005) 

14. Number of the Beast - Concludes William J. Clinton = 666 in both Greek and Hebrew, never mind that there wasn't even a 'J' sound in the Hebrew language, etc. http://becomingone.org/666-orig.htm (01/11/2005) 

15. The Number 666 - "In Greek the name 'Nero' was 'Neron,' and his Greek subjects generally spoke of him as 'Neron Kaisar,' that is to say 'Nero Caesar.' In Hebrew, wherein certain vowels are not expressed in writing, the name is spelt 'Nron Ksr'; and these letters correspond to the numerals 50, 200, 6, 50, 100, 60, 200 which add up to 666, the number assigned to the apocalyptic Beast, who was therefore none other than Nero--an interpretation of the cypher upon which scholarship is pretty well unanimous."  http://philologos.org/bpr/files/n001.htm (01/11/2005)

16. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints = 666 features one of the most outrageous theories on the web.  http://www.greaterthings.com/Word-Number/666/LDS666.htm (01/12/2005)

17. Bill Gates is Satan conspiracy theory: antichrist 666 hall of tortured souls pictures devil @ http://egomania.nu/gates.html  (01/12/2005)

18. "Like all Roman emperors, Nero took the name Caesar. In Greek, Nero Caesar becomes Neron Kaisar. If we transliterate Neron Kaisar into Hebrew, we get NRWN QSR (vowels were omitted in written Hebrew). The spelling NRWN QSR actually appears in one of the Wadi Murrabba'at documents (18.1, dated 55/56 AD): see D.R. Hillers, "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba'at", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 170 (1963) 65. ...If we add the numbers in the second row, their total is 666, the Number of the Beast. Note that if we used a Latin form of Nero's name (Nero Caesar) instead of a Greek form (Neron Kaisar), the value of the Hebrew equivalent (NRW QSR) would be 616 instead of 666. This is a plausible explanation of the variant 616 which appears instead of 666 in some New Testament manuscripts."  The Number of the Beast: A Numerological Primer @ http://www.merriampark.com/numbeast.htm (01/12/2005)

19. "The Bible tells us in Revelation, chapter 13, that the spirit of Antichrist can be identified by the number of a man's name.  We also know that there are many antichrists according to the first epistle of John.  It is interesting to note that when the names William Jefferson Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton are translated into Hebrew, and then the numerical equivalent of those letters are added up, you have both the President and her husband equalling 666.  The Hebrew for William is: vav=6, aleph=1, yod=10, lamed=30, yod=10, mem=40, (sub total=97)  Jefferson is: yod=10, peh=80, resh=200, samech=60, nun=50 (sub total=400)  Clinton is: kaph=20, lamed=30, yod=10, nun=50, tet=9, nun=50. (sub total 169).  Thus, 97+400+169=666.  Hillary is: chet=8, lamed=30, resh=200, yod=10. (sub total 248).  Rodham is: resh=200, dalet=4, heh=5, mem=40. (sub total 249).  Clinton, we already know = 169.  Thus, 248+249+169=666."     Last Trumpet Newsletter - March 1995 @ http://www.lasttrumpetministries.org/1995/Mar95.html (01/12/2005)

20. SIXBIT is a character coding system used in earlier Digital Equipment Corporation computers, such as the PDP-10, DECsystem-10 and DECsystem-20. Combined with the 36-bit word size of these computers, SIXBIT coding allows six characters to be stored per word.

SIXBIT also happens to have the same characters as the first 64 printable characters of the ASCII coding system, allowing for direct conversion between the two systems. A SIXBIT character can be converted to ASCII by adding 32 decimal (20 hexadecimal).

RADIX50 is a character coding system used in earlier Digital Equipment Corporation computers, such as the PDP-10, DECsystem-10 and DECsystem-20. It was implemented as a way to pack as many characters into as few bits as possible.

RADIX50 actually contains 40 codes, or 50 in octal. Because this is not a power of two, the PDP-10 processor had instructions to pack several RADIX-50 words into a single 36-bit word or extract RADIX-50 words from a 36-bit word. The assignments are shown in the following table.

The Baudot code was used in the early "5-level" teleprinters that appeared early in the 20th century. Used primarily as a communication system for Western Union, news wire services and the military, it saw regular service until these devices were phased-out and replaced with ASCII-based devices.

The Baudot system consists of 32 code combinations. Because this is not enough combinations to communicate all letters, numbers and needed symbols, two codes are used to "shift" which character set is to be used for printing subsequent characters. Baudot teleprinters were essentially modified typewriters, so the shift codes performed the same function as the SHIFT LOCK key on the keyboard, mechanically selecting one set of characters or the other.

One device that used the Baudot coding system was the TG-7 and TG-37 teletypewriters used by the United States Army beginning in the 1940s. In particular, the United States Army used the TG-7-A, TG-7-B, and the TG-37-B models. The TG-37-B used a special "Weather" FIGS character set instead of the Western Union/Teletype character set shown below. (The weather symbol set included directional arrows and other symbols ideal for providing weather observation and prediction reports.)

The peculiar arrangement of characters in the Baudot system has to do with the fact that the original units used modified typewriters, and the code assignments accomodate that existing mechanical design. SIXBIT Character Code Reference, RADIX50 Character Code Reference, Baudot Character Code Reference  @ http://nemesis.lonestar.org (01/17/2005) 

Other Resources

666: The Number of the Man Antichrist @ http://religion-cults.com/antichrist/666.htm (01/10/2005)

666 = Number of the Beast @ http://becomingone.org/666.htm (01/11/2005)

Unicode Consortium  (12/29/2004);

ASCII code -- number equivalents

Jesus 8880 Sacred Geometry Homepage

Philologos | Number in Scripture by E.W. Bullinger

The Number of the Beast: A Numerological Primer @ http://www.merriampark.com/numbeast.htm (01/12/2005)

666-Mark of the Beast Studies 

The Number of the Beast

Mark of the Beast

Some Notes on the History of Isopsephia (Gematria)

Six Hundred Sixty-Six But Not 666

666, The Number of the Beast

666: Reckoning the Number of the Beast

Beast Number Last updated:  - Tuesday, January 25, 2005 1:30:05 PM

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